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William Buckland

Oxford geologist whose 1824 description of Megalosaurus made it the first dinosaur ever formally named.

Known for

First scientific description and naming of a dinosaur genus -- Megalosaurus bucklandi (1824) -- based on fossils from the Stonesfield quarry, Oxfordshire.

William Buckland was born in 1784 in Axminster, Devon, the son of a clergyman who took him fossil-hunting along the Dorset coast as a child. He studied at Winchester College and then Corpus Christi College, Oxford, graduating in 1805 and later being ordained as an Anglican priest -- he spent his career holding science and theology together, at a time when many saw the two as in tension.[3]

In 1815 Buckland began acquiring large fossil bones from the Stonesfield quarry near Oxford: a lower jaw, vertebrae, and fragments of the pelvis and hind limb of an enormous, unidentified reptile. He presented his description to the Geological Society on February 20, 1824, naming the animal Megalosaurus -- "great lizard" -- making it the first dinosaur genus ever formally described and named, some 18 years before Richard Owen coined the word "dinosaur" itself in 1842.[1][2]

Buckland went on to become Oxford's first Reader in Geology and, later, Dean of Westminster. He remained an eccentric and enthusiastic public figure throughout his life -- famously curious enough about the natural world to have tasted his way through much of the animal kingdom. He died in 1856 and is buried at Islip, Oxfordshire.[3]

Timeline

Key dates, each traceable to a specific source.

  1. 1784

    Born in Axminster, Devon, England.[source]

  2. 1805

    Graduated B.A. from Corpus Christi College, Oxford.[source]

  3. 1818

    Became Oxford's first Reader in Geology.[source]

  4. 1824

    Described and named Megalosaurus bucklandi -- the first dinosaur genus ever formally named.[source]

  5. 1845

    Became Dean of Westminster.[source]

  6. 1856

    Died at Islip, Oxfordshire; buried in the churchyard there.[source]

Legacy

Megalosaurus bucklandi remains the first non-avian dinosaur ever scientifically named, predating the word "dinosaur" itself (coined by Richard Owen in 1842) by 18 years. Buckland is buried in Islip churchyard, Oxfordshire.

Sources

  1. Natural History Museum, London
  2. Smithsonian Magazine
  3. Oxford Blue Plaques