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mixed diet

Abelisauridae

Unknown range

Abelisaurids are a largely Gondwanan story: the family is known overwhelmingly from South America, Africa, India, and Madagascar, filling the apex-predator role that tyrannosaurids held in the north. Their skulls are unusually short and deep for a large theropod, often carrying horns, bosses, or rugose ornamentation, while their forelimbs are reduced to a degree that rivals or exceeds even Tyrannosaurus -- tiny, largely functionless arms on an otherwise powerfully built hunter.

Carnotaurus, from Argentina, is the family's most recognizable member, instantly identifiable by the pair of horns above its eyes and skin impressions showing a scaly, hornless-plate-free hide. Majungasaurus, from Madagascar, is notable for direct fossil evidence of cannibalism among its own species. Jose Bonaparte's fieldwork across Patagonia was central to establishing Abelisauridae as a distinct family in the first place.

Meet the giants

37 genera, ordered oldest to newest — the evolutionary line, not the alphabet.

GenusPeriodMax weightHeightDietRegion
EoabelisaurusAbelisauridae184.2–174.7 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
SpectrovenatorAbelisauridae121.4–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
KryptopsAbelisauridae121.4–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAfrica
EkrixinatosaurusAbelisauridae113.2–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
GenusaurusAbelisauridae110.1–106.3 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
RugopsAbelisauridae100.5–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAfrica
TralkasaurusAbelisauridae100.5–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
XenotarsosaurusAbelisauridae100.5–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
SkorpiovenatorAbelisauridae100.5–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
IlokelesiaAbelisauridae100.5–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
PycnonemosaurusAbelisauridae100.5–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
CaletodracoAbelisauridae100.5–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
ElemgasemAbelisauridae93.9–85.7 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
DahalokelyAbelisauridae93.9–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAfrica
CoeluroidesAbelisauridae89.8–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
ThanosAbelisauridae85.7–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
LlukalkanAbelisauridae85.7–83.6 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
ViavenatorAbelisauridae85.7–83.6 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
GuemesiaAbelisauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
VitosauraAbelisauridae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
AucasaurusAbelisauridae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
TarascosaurusAbelisauridae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
ArcovenatorAbelisauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
RahiolisaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
QuilmesaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
IndosuchusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
AbelisaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
CarnotaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYA~1.5 t~3 mcarnivoreSouth America
MajungasaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAfrica
RajasaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
LametasaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
NieblaAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
IndosaurusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
KolekenAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
MajungatholusAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
DryptosauroidesAbelisauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
CompsosuchusAbelisauridaeUnknown rangeUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown

Weight and height are best estimates from published research, not exact measurements — sauropod mass in particular varies by method and specimen. Most genera below are newly classified and still awaiting full measurements.

Further reading