Dino History World
← All lineages

mixed diet

Caenagnathidae

Unknown range

Caenagnathids share the toothless beak and lightly built skeleton of their close relatives the oviraptorids, and the two families are frequently discussed together as part of the same broader group of bird-like, herbivorous-to-omnivorous theropods. Caenagnathids tend to be more gracile, with proportionally longer limbs suited to fast movement, though complete skeletons remain rarer than for their oviraptorid cousins.

Much of what's known about the family comes from fragmentary remains -- isolated jaws and limb bones were long the primary evidence before more complete specimens like Anzu, nicknamed the "chicken from hell" for its combination of a beaked skull, clawed hands, and possible crest, filled out the picture. Chirostenotes and Caenagnathus, both from North America, round out the family's better-documented genera.

Meet the giants

18 genera, ordered oldest to newest — the evolutionary line, not the alphabet.

GenusPeriodMax weightHeightDietRegion
MicrovenatorCaenagnathidae121.4–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
BeibeilongCaenagnathidae100.5–89.8 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
CaenagnathasiaCaenagnathidae93.9–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
ChirostenotesCaenagnathidae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
HagryphusCaenagnathidae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
GigantoraptorCaenagnathidae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
LeptorhynchosCaenagnathidae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
CaenagnathusCaenagnathidae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
AnomalipesCaenagnathidae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
MacrophalangiaCaenagnathidae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
CitipesCaenagnathidae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
EpichirostenotesCaenagnathidae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
ApatoraptorCaenagnathidae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
NomingiaCaenagnathidae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
EoneophronCaenagnathidae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
AnzuCaenagnathidae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
ElmisaurusCaenagnathidae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
OjoraptorsaurusCaenagnathidaeUnknown rangeUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown

Weight and height are best estimates from published research, not exact measurements — sauropod mass in particular varies by method and specimen. Most genera below are newly classified and still awaiting full measurements.

Further reading