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mixed diet

Nodosauridae

Unknown range

Nodosaurids share the low-slung, heavily armored body plan of their better-known relatives the ankylosaurids, with rows of bony osteoderms embedded in the skin across the back and flanks, often extending into prominent shoulder or flank spikes. What they lack is the ankylosaurid tail club -- nodosaurid tails stayed flexible and unweaponized, meaning their primary defense was passive: presenting an armored, low profile that large predators had trouble flipping or biting into.

The family ranged from the Jurassic into the Cretaceous, with genera like Edmontonia and Sauropelta well known from North America. The most striking nodosaurid find in recent years is Borealopelta, a Canadian specimen so exceptionally preserved that scientists were able to reconstruct its original coloration -- a reddish-brown countershading pattern, evidence that even a heavily armored animal still needed camouflage against predators.

Meet the giants

40 genera, ordered oldest to newest — the evolutionary line, not the alphabet.

GenusPeriodMax weightHeightDietRegion
GargoyleosaurusNodosauridae152.2–145.1 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
EuacanthusNodosauridae139.1–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
VectensiaNodosauridae139.1–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
PolacanthusNodosauridae139.1–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
HylaeosaurusNodosauridae139.1–110.1 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
GastoniaNodosauridae137.1–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
HoplitosaurusNodosauridae125.8–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
TaohelongNodosauridae125.8–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
AnimantarxNodosauridae121.4–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
SauroplitesNodosauridae121.4–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
BorealopeltaNodosauridae121.4–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
SauropeltaNodosauridae121.4–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
PeloroplitesNodosauridae121.4–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
PropanoplosaurusNodosauridae119.6–113.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
TatankacephalusNodosauridae113.2–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
EuropeltaNodosauridae113.2–110.1 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
DongyangopeltaNodosauridae113.2–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownAsia
TexasetesNodosauridae106.3–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
SilvisaurusNodosauridae106.3–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
PawpawsaurusNodosauridae106.3–100.5 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
AnoplosaurusNodosauridae100.5–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
StegopeltaNodosauridae100.5–93.9 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
NodosaurusNodosauridae100.5–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
NiobrarasaurusNodosauridae89.8–83.6 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
HungarosaurusNodosauridae85.7–83.6 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
InvictarxNodosauridae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
StruthiosaurusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownEurope
LeipsanosaurusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
EdmontoniaNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
ChassternbergiaNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
PleuropeltusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
DanubiosaurusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
DenversaurusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
CrataeomusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
PanoplosaurusNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
GlyptodontopeltaNodosauridae83.6–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
AcantholipanNodosauridae83.6–72.2 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownNorth America
PatagopeltaNodosauridae72.2–66 MYAUnknownUnknownUnknownSouth America
HoplosaurusNodosauridaeUnknown rangeUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
HylosaurusNodosauridaeUnknown rangeUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown

Weight and height are best estimates from published research, not exact measurements — sauropod mass in particular varies by method and specimen. Most genera below are newly classified and still awaiting full measurements.

Further reading